Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Natural processes such as speciation and gradualism provide the genetic basis for
_____. a. | biogenesis | c. | spontaneous
generation | b. | evolution | d. | sexual reproduction | | | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following lines of evidence for evolution is indirect? a. | pesticide
resistance | c. | fossils | b. | observed allele frequency
changes | d. | all of
these | | | | |
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3.
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Which
combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for
evolutionary change? a. | small population, few mutations | c. | small population, many mutations | b. | large
population, many mutations | d. | large
population, few mutations | | | | |
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4.
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_____
selection favors one extreme form of a trait in a population. a. | Stabilizing | c. | Disruptive | b. | Directional | d. | Natural | | | | |
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5.
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The
structures shown in Figure 15-5 are _____.
Figure 15-5 a. | vestigial | c. | homologous | b. | analogous | d. | heterologous | | | | |
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6.
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What
type of adaptation is shown in Figure 15-4?
Figure 15-4 a. | artificial selection | c. | camouflage | b. | mimicry | d. | homologous
structure | | | | |
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7.
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In
_____ selection, individuals with both extreme forms of a trait are at a selective
advantage. a. | disruptive | c. | directional | b. | natural | d. | stabilizing | | | | |
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8.
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Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of birds with similar body shape and size. However,
they vary greatly in color and beak shape. Each species occupies its own niche and is adapted to the
foods available in its niche. The evolution from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an
example of _____. a. | divergent
evolution | c. | convergent
evolution | b. | vegetative propagation | d. | cross-pollination | | | | |
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9.
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Which
answer BEST shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest? a. | camouflage in a
tree frog | c. | an elephant's
long trunk | b. | the long neck of a giraffe | d. | migration of birds in winter | | | | |
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10.
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Natural selection can best be defined as the _____. a. | survival of the
biggest and strongest organisms in a population | b. | survival and
reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area | c. | elimination of
the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms | d. | survival and
reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the
environment | | |
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11.
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When
checking shell color for a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans,
scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 15-1.
Based on the information shown in the graph, the snail population is undergoing
_____.
Figure 15-1 a. | disruptive
selection | c. | stabilizing
selection | b. | directional selection | d. | artificial selection | | | | |
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12.
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A
pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of
environmental conditions is _____. a. | divergent evolution | c. | convergent evolution | b. | disruptive
selection | d. | directional
selection | | | | |
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13.
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What
is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called? a. | random
mating | c. | nonrandom
mating | b. | direct evolution | d. | gene flow | | | | |
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Figure 15-6
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14.
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Which
type of natural selection shown in Figure 15-6 would favor giraffes that need to reach the tallest
branches to eat?
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15.
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Which
type of natural selection showed in Figure 15-6 favors average individuals?
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16.
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The
average individuals of a population are favored in _____ selection. a. | directional | c. | disruptive | b. | stabilizing | d. | natural | | | | |
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17.
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Why
might the beak of the Akialoa, pictured in Figure 15-7, developed this
way?
Figure 15-7 a. | to reach nectar
in flowers | c. | to dig through
tree bark for insects | b. | to scoop up fish | d. | to crack open seeds | | | | |
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18.
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Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for
different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm, are called _____. a. | homozygous
structures | c. | homologous
structures | b. | embryological structures | d. | analogous structures | | | | |
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19.
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Upon
close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed.
These features are an example of _____. a. | artificial selection | c. | homologous structures | b. | comparative
embryology | d. | vestigial
structures | | | | |
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20.
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The
theory of continental drift hypothesizes that Africa and South America slowly drifted apart after
once being a single landmass. The monkeys on the two continents, although similar, show numerous
genetic differences. Which factor is probably the most important in maintaining these
differences? a. | comparative
anatomy | c. | comparative
embryology | b. | fossil records | d. | geographic isolation | | | | |
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21.
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Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the
descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for
this immunity to the insecticide is that _____. a. | eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become resistant to
it | b. | the pests
developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide | c. | it destroyed
organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live
longer | d. | eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant
to it | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following is not a factor that causes changes in the allelic frequencies of individuals
in a population? a. | disruptive
selection | c. | random
selection | b. | stabilizing selection | d. | directional selection | | | | |
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23.
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The
flying squirrel of North America closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are
similar in size and have long, bushy tails and skin folds that allow them to glide through the air.
The squirrel is a placental mammal, while the phalanger is a marsupial. These close resemblances,
even though genetically and geographically separated by great distances, can best be explained by
_____. a. | divergent
evolution | c. | vestigial
structures | b. | convergent evolution | d. | spontaneous generation | | | | |
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24.
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A
mechanism of Darwin's proposed theory is _____. a. | variation | c. | artificial selection | b. | evolution | d. | all of
these | | | | |
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25.
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The
founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be _____. a. | Stephen Jay
Gould | c. | Alexander
Oparin | b. | Lynn Margulis | d. | Charles Darwin | | | | |
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