Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
Geologic Time Scale begins at the formation of Earth approximately _____ years ago. a. | 46
million | c. | 4.6
million | b. | 4.6 billion | d. | 4.6 thousand | | | | |
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2.
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Humans are thought to have evolved during the _____ Era. a. | Precambrian | c. | Mesozoic | b. | Paleozoic | d. | Cenozoic | | | | |
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3.
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A
clear fish imprint in a rock indicates that the rock is probably _____. a. | volcanic | c. | metamorphic | b. | igneous | d. | sedimentary | | | | |
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4.
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Which
event contributed most directly to the evidence of aerobic organisms? a. | a decrease in
the sun's light intensity | b. | the presence of organisms able to carry on
photosynthesis | c. | an increase in the number of organisms carrying on
fermentation | d. | an increase in the concentration of methane in the ancient
atmosphere | | |
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5.
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While
looking for fossils on an eroded hillside, you discover fossil coral and fish in one layer. In a
layer just above, you find the fossil imprint of a fern frond and some fossil moss. Assuming the rock
has not been disturbed, which of the following is the most probable conclusion? a. | A sea had been
replaced by land in ancient times. | b. | The area had been a sea until recent
times. | c. | A forest had once grown there but had become submerged by
water. | d. | A saltwater sea had changed to a freshwater lake in ancient
times. | | |
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6.
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Before biogenesis became an accepted cornerstone of biology, it was widely accepted
that _____. a. | Francesco Redi
and Louis Pasteur would be unable to test the current beliefs | b. | maggots were the
immature offspring of flies | c. | flies could be produced only from other
flies | d. | living things could arise spontaneously from other non-living
things | | |
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7.
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Scientists agree that two developments must have occurred for life to come into being:
the formation of simple organic molecules important to life and _____. a. | an atmosphere
rich in water vapor, oxygen, and ATP | b. | organization of molecules into complex organic
molecules | c. | appearance of amino acids, monosaccharides, and
lipids | d. | development of prokaryotic cells in early
oceans | | |
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8.
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According to one theory, the first prokaryotes probably obtained their food
_____. a. | by consuming
organic molecules available in their environment | b. | through a
combination of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration | c. | by eating
carbohydrates formed by autotrophs | d. | through the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic
molecules | | |
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9.
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Which
group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve? a. | land
plants | c. | cyanobacteria | b. | mammals | d. | aquatic dinosaurs | | | | |
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Figure 14-4
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10.
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According to Figure 14-4, the correct chronological order of organisms as they develop
are _____. a. | birds,
dinosaurs, jawed fish, prokaryotes | b. | prokaryotes, jawed fish, dinosaurs,
birds | c. | dinosaurs, jawed fish, birds,
prokaryotes | d. | jawed fish, dinosaurs, prokaryotes,
birds | | |
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11.
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According to Figure 14-4, what was the earliest form of multicellular life on
Earth? a. | invertebrates | c. | fish | b. | reptiles | d. | land plants | | | | |
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12.
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According to Figure 14-4, in how many eras have mammals existed?
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13.
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Which
of the following fossils are not found in sedimentary rock? a. | amber | c. | frozen
mammoths | b. | petrified wood | d. | imprints | | | | |
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14.
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Which
of the following statements are true about fossils? a. | There are many
different ways that fossils can be formed. | b. | Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock
layers. | c. | Fossil insects that were trapped in ice or hardened into
amber. | d. | all of these | | |
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15.
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The
primitive Earth atmosphere is hypothesized to have consisted mostly of _____. a. | oxygen,
nitrogen, and water vapor | b. | hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water
vapor | c. | amino acids, ATP, carbohydrates, and
oxygen | d. | none of these | | |
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16.
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Since
the 1950s, experiments have been conducted that lead scientists to conclude that life may have
originated _____. a. | spontaneously as
originally thought | b. | in small pools of water where amino acids could be
concentrated | c. | when prokaryotes joined together to make the first eukaryotic
cell | d. | in other parts
of the universe | | |
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17.
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Which
fact is the basis for using the fossil record as evidence that evolution has taken
place? a. | All fossils were
formed at the same time. | b. | In undisturbed layers of rock strata, the older fossils are
found in the deeper layers. | c. | There are fossils of all life-forms to be found in rock
layers. | d. | Fossils have been shown to provide a complete record of human
evolution. | | |
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18.
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Urey
and Miller subjected water, ammonia, methane, and hydrogen to heating and cooling cycles and jolts of
electricity in an attempt to _____. a. | find out how ozone forms in the
atmosphere | b. | form complex organic compounds | c. | determine how
the dinosaurs became extinct | d. | determine the age of microfossils | | |
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